Yin-Yang and the Inner Phases

More importantly, these "Inner Phases" have direct application to acupuncture for treatment through the Command Points on the arms and legs. Not only do these points give direct access from diagnosis to treatment, this level of treatment also creates an immediate improvement on the radial pulse patterns used in acupuncture. This method also creates the all-important link between the body and the mind, which through this protocol can be done with precision.

Comprehensive acupuncture treatment consists of two different levels: the Root and the Branch. Root treatment is based upon the Five Phases and uses the Inner Phases to make adjustments to the person's fundamental imbalance. Often, these simple one to four needle treatments are enough to balance the pulse and create the desired change on the symptomatic, preventive, and fulfillment levels. Treating people with the Inner Phases is really a joy because it totally affirms the beauty and truth of the original acupuncture principles. Branch treatment involves an additional theoretical construct and a different choice of points and is used to supplement Root treatment. The topic of Branch Treatment will be discussed in another volume.

In this book, Dennis explores how these ideas were first presented in the Classics and then how they have been used and developed in Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Chinese, and European traditions. The idea is to grasp the principles used by all these great traditions and systematize them into an inclusive approach that honors and transcends these traditions and then frees the practitioner to relate more directly to the patient.

Part I of this book provides the translations of all material on the Five Phases from the Chinese Medical Classics (primarily the Suwen and Lingshu) in a systematic order beginning with the Direction as the fundamental starting point and continuing with a Yin-Yang division into Heaven, Earth, and Man that represents the cosmological, physiological, and psycho-emotional correspondence for each Phase. The translations are not presented in the random order in which they appear in the classics but in the strict Yin-Yang order described above. This order is more suitable for developing the material along the practical lines necessary for clinical practice. They also provide the basis for interpreting the Inner Phases (Phases within Phases) that is the foundation for healing on the Root Level. Commentaries are also provided for each of these sections so the translations can be thoroughly and more easily understood. This material is based upon the author’s initial work on the Five Phases, The Five Phases of Acupuncture in the Classical Texts, which presents this same material in a more comprehensive but less systematic way.

In addition, psycho-emotional material relating to the Emotions, Spirits, VIRTUE/EMPOWERMENTS, and the Officials of each Phase are presented in the same simple but complete and systematic fashion. Finally, all of the psycho-emotional material is organized according to the Yin and Yang imbalances of each Phase along with the overall challenges and solutions to lie each Phase presents. This material then becomes the foundation for Part II.

Part II takes the Yin, Yang, and Balance aspects of these translations and combines them so it is easy to see how these configurations might appear in both Excess and Deficient situations. In addition, the interplay of each configuration is further interpreted according to its interaction with the Official functions of the Solid and Hollow Organs of the primary Phase in question. To show how these interpretations fit classical understanding, the symbols of the pointnames for each configuration is also explained. These interpretations show that the different parts of acupuncture theory fit together easily whether or not the old masters were thinking in terms of the Inner Phases. Such a close fit demonstrates the applicability of Yin-Yang acupuncture principles in a way that transcends any particular tradition or whether it is classical or modern. In a final demonstration of how well these principles really do complement one another, the pointname symbols are compared and contrasted with modern TCM function to show how their commonality finds expression in different focuses that bring out the value of different types of diversity within the unified whole.

Part III analyzes each Inner Phase configuration in terms of the different kinds of One Needle, Two Needle, and Four Needle Techniques it can be used with in treatment. These techniques form the basis of Root Level Treatment. Psycho-emotional interpretations of each configuration are given followed by a detailed interpretation of various physiological treatments that use the particular Inner Phase point being discussed. These treatments come from rare and out of print Korean and pre-TCM sources and are remarkable for their sophistication and power. These interpretations go into considerable detail to explain the Five Phase connection, the energetics of all seventy-one meridians, the functions, and the relevant pointnames of each point used in the formula to reach an intelligent understanding of how these formulas are put together.

Furthermore, each formula is interpreted according to four hierarchies of point action: The Emperor Point, which targets the Root Level of treatment; the Minister Point, which reinforces the actions of the Emperor Point as well as takes all co-existing patterns or disease into consideration; the Assistant Point, which treats minor aspects of the disorder or enhances areas not fully covered by the Emperor or Minister; and the Messenger Point, which takes the formula into the area of the Body/Mind/Spirit that is most needed. These four hierarchies of points form the basis upon which Root and Branch treatment can be successfully built. This section is a tour de force of acupuncture energetics and elevates the current standard for building point formulas to a world class level.

Part IV goes over the different types of Four Needle Techniques for the Tonification, Dispersion, Heating, and Cooling of each Phase. Both psycho-emotional and physiological interpretations of how each of these treatments work are given. The physiological interpretation Korean Disease Categories and TCM Organ Patterns for both the Yin and Yang Organs associated with each Phase.

565 pages.

Here is what some significant authorities on the subject had to say about this book:

“Yin-Yang and the Inner Phases is the best book I have ever read on clinical application of the Yin-Yang and the Five Phase Principles in acupuncture. Especially, Chapter III: “Inner-Phase Relationship” is the most extensive extrapolation and application of the Five Phase Principles ever published in English. It makes the whole system come to life in a dynamic manner. Dennis’ comprehensive discussion on the Four Needle Technique and Advanced Four Needle Technique is priceless. I highly recommend the book to all acupuncturists who sincerely desire to study the very effective and fundamental techniques in Chinese, Korean and Japanese acupuncture.”

—Miki Shima, OMD, L.Ac., linguist, board member of the California Acupuncture Examining Committee for seven years, President of the California Acupuncture Association, recipient of “Life-Time Achievement Award” from the AAAOM in 2004, author of Medical I Ching; Channel Divergences―Deeper Pathways of the Web; and An Exposition on the Eight Extraordinary Vessels.

“Dennis Willmont’s scholarly enterprise has truly gifted the world with new and important resources for learning Chinese Medicine. Students who had been limited to English language texts with tiny little quotes from original source text material can now walk along a fully illuminated trail that Dennis continues to blaze. The volume and depth of information is truly stunning. He parses out and deciphers each detail of his explanations with such precision that it actually unfolds with remarkable ease! In addition, most acupuncturists will enjoy using it as an organized reference for the specific treatment strategies described at the end of the book.”

—Cindy Banker, MA, Dipl. ABT (NCCAOM); AOBTA®-Certified Instructor in Five Element Shiatsu

“As someone who has studied and taught Five Phase Acupuncture for more than twenty years, I can say that Dennis Willmont’s new book on the Inner Phases has presented a substantial amount of material that I was not previously aware of before. This material will be useful in explaining where the emotions mentioned for specific Phases come from, as the students always want to know, especially in the greater detail that Dennis provides. More than just a straightforward read, this book has provided the framework for much deeper and more complete study of Five Phase Acupuncture than has been available to date. It deserves to reach as wide an audience as possible.”

—Joseph A. Kay, L.Ac, Co Chair of Japanese Acupuncture Studies Department at the New England School of Acupuncture

“Dennis’ manuscript is quite an achievement. His theoretical interpretations of the Five Phases are particularly insightful and reach a new level of understanding while avoiding all of the common misinterpretations. The explanations of Chinese translations and their clinical meaning are clear and practical.”

—Dan Kenner, Ph.D., L.Ac., author, member of the Board of Governors of the National Health Federation, integrative medical clinic consultant in Germany and the Netherlands, world-wide lecturer

“My original studies in the 1970s were with JR Worsley, the originator of the Five Element School of acupuncture in the West. Coming from that tradition, I can especially appreciate the extraordinary depth, clarity, and unity that this book brings to the core foundation of Oriental healing. The combination of theory, philosophy, etymology, diagnosis and treatment protocols sets this book apart from all others. As academic dean of a TCM school from 2000-2003, I can say that this book could easily provide beginning students with a solid grounding in the Five Phases, serve as a valuable textbook for doctorate students, and inspire any acupuncturist’s ongoing study and practice. Every page is abundant in ideas and information that have added to my personal understanding as a teacher and as a practitioner. I am confident that this book will contribute profoundly to the literature of Oriental medicine.”

—Michael Rossoff, L.Ac.; Past Academic Dean of Atlantic University of Chinese Medicine, Asheville, North Carolina

Features

Table of Contents

INNER MEANING OF THE COVER DESIGN 1

PREFACE 5

INTRODUCTION 7

YIN-YANG 7

Mutual Correspondence 7

The Five Phases 8

THE FIVE PHASE CROSS 15

General 15 Soil 15 The Vertical Pole: Fire and Water 16 The Horizontal Pole: Wood and Metal 16

HISTORY 18

The Medical Classics 18 The Confucian Classics 19 Modern Integration 19

PART I: THE FIVE INDIVIDUAL PHASES 25

SOIL: SPLEEN AND STOMACH 25

The Direction: Center 25

Heaven: The Cosmological Correlations 25

Earth: The Physiological Correlations 27

Man: The Balanced Soil Temperament 28

Soil Phase Emotion/Spirit/Empowerment 34

The Soil Officials 37

Soil Imbalance 38

Summary 42

WATER: KIDNEY AND BLADDER 45

The Direction: North 45

Heaven: The Cosmological Correlations 45

Earth: The Physiological Correlations 47

Man: The Balanced Water Temperament 48

Water Phase Emotion/Spirit/Empowerment 51

The Water Officials 53

Water Imbalance 54

Summary 58

FIRE: HEART AND SMALL INTESTINE 61

The Direction: South 61

Heaven: The Cosmological Correlations 61

Earth: The Physiological Correlations 62

Man: The Balanced Fire Temperament 64

Fire Phase Emotion/Spirit/Empowerment 66

The Fire Officials 68

Fire Imbalance 69

Summary 73

METAL: LUNG AND LARGE INTESTINE 77

The Direction: West 77

Heaven: The Cosmological Correlations 78

Earth: The Physiological Correlations 80

Man: The Balanced Metal Temperament 81

Metal Phase Emotion/Spirit/Empowerment 84

The Metal Officials 86

Metal Imbalance 87

Summary 90

WOOD: LIVER AND GALL BLADDER 95

The Direction: East 95

Heaven: The Cosmological Correlations 95

Earth: The Physiological Correlations 97

Man: The Balanced Wood Temperament 98

Wood Phase Emotion/Spirit/Empowerment 100

The Wood Officials 102

Wood Imbalance 103

Summary 107

PART II: THE SIXTY INNER PHASES 109

GENERAL MEANING 109

Definition 109

Inner-Phase Relationships 111

INNER PHASE RELATIONSHIPS 117

Soil 117

Soil Within Soil 117

Deficiency 117

Excess 118

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 118

Interpretation of the Pointnames 118

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 118

Water Within Soil 120

Deficiency 120

Excess 120

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 121

Interpretation of the Pointnames 121

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 121

Fire Within Soil 122

Deficiency 122

Excess 123

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 123

Interpretation of the Pointnames 123

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 124

Metal Within Soil 125

Deficiency 125

Excess 126

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 126

Interpretation of the Pointnames 126

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 127

Wood Within Soil 128

Deficiency 128

Excess 128

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 129

Interpretation of the Pointnames 129

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 129

Water 131

Water Within Water 131

Deficiency 131

Excess 131

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 131

Interpretation of the Pointnames 132

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 132

Fire Within Water 134

Deficiency 134

Excess 135

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 135

Interpretation of the Pointnames 135

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 136

Metal Within Water 137

Deficiency 137

Excess 138

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 138

Interpretation of the Pointnames 138

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 139

Wood Within Water 140

Deficiency 140

Excess 141

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 141

Interpretation of the Pointnames 141

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 142

Soil Within Water 143

Deficiency 143

Excess 144

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 144

Interpretation of the Pointnames 144

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 145

Fire 147

Fire Within Fire 147

Deficiency 147

Excess 147

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 148

Interpretation of the Pointnames 148

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 149

Metal Within Fire 150

Deficiency 150

Excess 151

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 151

Interpretation of the Pointnames 151

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 152

Wood Within Fire 154

Deficiency 155

Excess 155

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 155

Interpretation of the Pointnames 155

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 156

Soil Within Fire 157

Deficiency 157

Excess 158

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 158

Interpretation of the Pointnames 158

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 160

Water Within Fire 162

Deficiency 162

Excess 163

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 163

Interpretation of the Pointnames 163

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 164

Metal 165

Metal Within Metal 165

Deficiency 165

Excess 166

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 166

Interpretation of the Pointnames 166

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 167

Wood Within Metal 168

Deficiency 168

Excess 169

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 169

Interpretation of the Pointnames 169

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 170

Soil Within Metal 171

Deficiency 171

Excess 172

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 172

Interpretation of the Pointnames 172

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 173

Water Within Metal 174

Deficiency 174

Excess 175

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 175

Interpretation of the Pointnames 175

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 176

Fire Within Metal 177

Deficiency 177

Excess 178

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 178

Interpretation of the Pointnames 178

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 179

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Wood 181

Wood Within Wood 181

Deficiency 181

Excess 182

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 182

Interpretation of the Pointnames 182

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 183

Soil Within Wood 184

Deficiency 184

Excess 185

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 185

Interpretation of the Pointnames 185

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 185

Water Within Wood 187

Deficiency 187

Excess 188

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 188

Interpretation of the Pointnames 188

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 189

Fire Within Wood 190

Deficiency 190

Excess 191

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 191

Interpretation of the Pointnames 191

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 192

Metal Within Wood 193

Deficiency 193

Excess 194

Yin-Yang, Coupled Organ Influence 194

Interpretation of the Pointnames 194

TCM and Five Phase Point Functions 195

PART III: INTER-PHASE RELATIONSHIPS 197

GENERAL PRINCIPLES 197

Horary Relationship 198

Reduction Relationship 199

Tonification Relationship 199

Control Relationship 199

Dispersion Relationship 199

Basic Principles of the Dispersion Relationship 199

ROOT AND BRANCH TREATMENT 200

The Four Hierarchies of a Treatment Formula 201

Using the Inter-Phase Points 202

Needle Techniques 202

The Two Needle Technique 204

Two Needle Technique: Treatments 208

Two Needle Technique: More Variations 210

Four Needle Technique: Treatments 211

Tonification Point 217

Inoue’s Version B 217

Extrapolated Version B 217

Dispersion Point 218

Inoue’s Version B 218

Extrapolated Version B 219

Tonification and Dispersion Techniques and Principles 221

Horary Point 221

Control Point 222

Tonification Point 222

Dispersion Point 226

Reduction Point 229

EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE 231

Inconsistency of Terms 231

Redefining the Terms 232

The Horizontal Arm Regularities 232

Metal Phase 232

Wood Phase 233

Soil Phase 233

The Vertical Arm Inconsistencies 233

Water Phase 234

Fire Phase 234

Clearly Defining the Principle 235

ON HEATING AND COOLING 236

Heating Treatments 236

Cooling Treatments 236

Exceptions to the Rule 237

Why are Two Fire Phase Meridians Exempt from the General Principle? 237

Why is the Large Intestine Meridian also an Exception to the Rule? 238

SOIL 241

Soil Within Soil: The Horary Point (Sp3/St36) 241

Treatment Formulas 241

Interpretations 241

The One Needle Technique 241

Metal Phase One Needle Tonification Pulses 241

The Two Needle Technique 242

Symptomatic Treatments 242

Stomach 242

Spleen 245

Water Within Soil: The Reduction Point (Sp9/St44) 246

Description 246

Symptomatic Treatments 246

Stomach 246

Spleen 248

Fire Within Soil: The Tonification Point (Sp2/St41) 251

Treatment Formula 251

Interpretation 251

The One Needle Technique 251

Soil Phase One Needle Tonification Pulses 251

The Two Needle Technique 251

Symptomatic Treatments 252

Stomach 252

Spleen 252

Metal Within Soil: The Dispersion Point (Sp5, St45) 254

Treatment Formula 254

Interpretation 254

The One Needle Technique 254

Soil Phase One Needle Dispersion Pulses 254

The Two Needle Technique 255

Symptomatic Treatments 255

Stomach 255

Spleen 255

Wood Within Soil: The Control Point (Sp1/St43) 257

Treatment Formula 257

Interpretation 257

The One Needle Technique 257

Soil Phase One Needle Dispersion Pulses 257

Symptomatic Treatments 258

Stomach 258

Spleen 258

WATER 261

Water Within Water: The Horary Point (K10/B66) 261

Treatment Formula(s) 261

Interpretations 261

The One Needle Technique 261

Bladder One Needle Tonification Pulses 261

The Two Needle Technique 261

Symptomatic Treatments 262

Kidney 262

Bladder 263

Fire Within Water: The Reduction Point (K2/B60) 265

Interpretation 265

Symptomatic Treatments 265

Bladder 265

Kidney 267

Metal Within Water: The Tonification Point (K7/B67) 269

Treatment Formula 269

Interpretation 269

The One Needle Technique 269

Water Phase One Needle Tonification Pulses 269

The Two Needle Technique 269

Water Phase Two Needle Tonification Pulses 270

Symptomatic Treatments 270

Bladder 270

Kidney 270

Wood Within Water: The Dispersion Point (K1/B65) 272

Treatment Formula 272

Interpretation 272

The One Needle Technique 272

Water Phase One Needle Pulses 272

The Two Needle Technique 272

Water Phase Two Needle Dispersion Pulses 273

Symptomatic Treatments 273

Bladder 273

Kidney 273

Soil Within Water: The Control Point (K3/B54) 275

Treatment Formula 275

Interpretation 275

The One Needle Technique 275

Water Phase One Needle Control Pulses 276

The Two Needle Technique 276

Symptomatic Treatments 276

Bladder 276

Kidney 277

FIRE 279

Fire Within Fire: The Horary Point (H8/SI5) 279

Treatment Formula(s) 279

Interpretation 279

The One Needle Technique 279

Fire Phase One Needle Pulses 279

The Two Needle Technique 279

Symptomatic Treatments 280

Small Intestine 280

Heart 280

Triple Heater 281

Pericardium 283

Metal Within Fire: The Reduction Point (H4/SI1) 284

Interpretation 284

The One Needle Technique 284

Metal Phase One Needle Reduction Pulses 284

Symptomatic Treatments 285

Heart 285

Small Intestine 285

Wood Within Fire: The Tonification Point (H9/SI3, P9/T3) 289

Treatment Formula 289

Interpretation 289

The One Needle Technique 289

Fire Phase One Needle Tonification Pulses 289

The Two Needle Technique 289

Fire Phase Two Needle Tonification Pulses 289

Symptomatic Treatments 290

Heart 290

Small Intestine 290

Soil Within Fire: The Dispersion Point (H7/SI8, P7/T10) 294

Treatment Formula 294

Interpretation 294

The One Needle Technique 294

Fire Phase One Needle Pulses 294

The Two Needle Technique 294

Fire Phase Two Needle Pulses 295

Symptomatic Treatments 295

Heart 295

Pericardium 299

Triple Heater 299

Water Within Fire: The Control Point (H3/SI2) 300

Treatment Formula 300

Interpretation 300

The One Needle Technique 300

Fire Phase One Needle Control Pulses 300

The Two Needle Technique 301

Symptomatic Treatments 301

Heart 301

Small Intestine 303

Pericardium 303

Triple Heater 303

METAL 305

Metal Within Metal: The Horary Point (L8/LI1) 305

Treatment Formula(s) 305

Interpretation 305

The One Needle Technique 305

Metal Phase One Needle Pulses 305

The Two Needle Technique 305

Symptomatic Treatments 306

Lung 306

Large Intestine 306

Wood Within Metal: The Reduction Point (L11/LI3) 308

Interpretation 308

The One Needle Technique 308

Wood Phase One Needle Reduction Pulses 308

Symptomatic Treatments 308

Lung 308

Large Intestine 309

Soil Within Metal: The Tonification Point (L9/LI11) 311

Treatment Formula 311

Interpretation 311

The One Needle Technique 311

Metal Phase One Needle Tonification Pulses 311

The Two Needle Technique 311

Symptomatic Treatments 312

Lung 312

Large Intestine 312

Water Within Metal: The Dispersion Point (L5/LI2) 315

Treatment Formula 315

Interpretation 315

The One Needle Technique 315

Metal Phase One Needle Pulses 316

The Two Needle Technique 316

Metal Phase Two Needle Dispersion Pulses 316

Symptomatic Treatments 316

Lung 316

Large Intestine 319

Fire Within Metal: The Control Point (L10/LI5) 320

Treatment Formula 320

Interpretation 320

The One Needle Technique 320

Metal Phase One Needle Control Pulses 320

The Two Needle Technique 320

Symptomatic Treatments 321

Lung 321

Large Intestine 322

WOOD 323

Wood Within Wood: The Horary Point (Lv1/G42) 323

Treatment Formula(s) 323

Interpretation 323

The One Needle Technique 323

Wood Phase One Needle Horary Pulses 324

The Two Needle Technique 324

Symptomatic Treatments 325

Liver 325

Gall Bladder 327

Soil Within Wood: The Reduction Point (Lv3/G34) 328

Interpretation 328

Symptomatic Treatments 328

Liver 328

Gall Bladder 330

Water Within Wood: The Tonification Point (Lv8/G43) 333

Treatment Formula 333

Interpretation 333

One Needle Technique 333

Wood Phase One Needle Tonification Pulses 333

The Two Needle Technique 333

Symptomatic Treatments 334

Liver 334

Gall Bladder 336

Fire Within Wood: The Dispersion Point (Lv2/G38) 337

Treatment Formula 337

Interpretation 337

One Needle Technique 337

Wood Phase One Needle Tonification Pulses 337

Wood Phase One Needle Dispersion Pulses 337

The Two Needle Technique 337

Symptomatic Treatments 338

Liver 338

Gall Bladder 339

Metal Within Wood: The Control Point (Lv4/G44) 340

Treatment Formula 340

Interpretation 340

One Needle Technique 340

Wood Phase One Needle Dispersion Pulses 340

The Two Needle Technique 341

Symptomatic Treatments 341

Liver 341

Gall Bladder 343

PART IV: THE FOUR NEEDLE TECHNIQUE 345

GENERAL DESCRIPTION 345

SOIL PHASE 347

Tonification 347

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 347

Key Features 347

General Aspects 347

Tonification Aspect 348

Dispersion Aspect 348

Spirit: Focus 349

Virtue: Xìn/Accountability 349

Official Duty 349

Psycho-Emotional 350

Secondary Fire Connections 350

A or B Versions 350

Pulse 350

Physiological Interpretation 351

Spleen 351

Stomach 352

Dispersion 353

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 353

Key Features 353

General Aspects 353

Tonification Aspect 353

Dispersion Aspect 354

Spirit: Focus 354

Virtue: Xìn/Accountability 354

A or B Versions 354

Other 355

Pulse 355

Physiological Interpretation 355

Spleen 355

Stomach 355

Other TCM Organ Patterns for the Stomach 356

Heating 357

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 357

Key Features 357

General Aspects 357

Cooling 358

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 358

Key Features 358

General Aspects 358

WATER PHASE 361

Tonification 361

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 361

Key Features 361

General Aspects 361

Tonification Aspect 361

Dispersion Aspect 362

Spirit: Will 362

Psycho-Emotional 362

Pulse 362

Physiological Interpretation 363

Kidney 363

Bladder 364

Dispersion 365

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 365

Key Features 365

General Aspects 365

Tonification Aspect 365

Dispersion Aspect 366

Psycho-Emotional 367

Spirit: Will 367

Summary 367

Pulse 367

Physiological Interpretation 367

Kidney 367

Bladder 368

Heating 370

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 370

Cooling 372

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 372

FIRE PHASE 373

Tonification 373

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 373

Key Features 373

General Aspects 373

Tonification Aspect 373

Dispersion Aspect 374

Psycho-Emotional 374

A or B Versions 375

Pulse 375

Physiological Interpretation 375

Heart 375

Small Intestine 376

Dispersion 377

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 377

Key Features 377

General Aspects 377

Tonification Aspect 377

Dispersion Aspect 378

Official Duty 379

Shén/Spirit 379

Virtue: Lǐ/Appropriateness 379

Pulse 380

Physiological Interpretation 380

Heart Dispersion 380

Other TCM Organ Patterns for the Heart 380

Small Intestine 380

Other TCM Organ Patterns for the Small Intestine 381

Pericardium Dispersion 381

Heating 382

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 382

Cooling 383

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 383

METAL PHASE 385

Tonification 385

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 385

Key Features 385

General Aspects 385

Tonification Aspect 385

Dispersion Aspect 386

Official Duty 386

Virtue: Judgment 387

Psycho-Emotional 387

Pulse 387

Physiological Interpretation 388

Lung 388

Large Intestine 388

Dispersion 390

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 390

Key Features 390

General Aspects 390

Tonification Aspect 391

Dispersion Aspect 391

Official Duty 392

Psycho-Emotional 392

Pulse 393

Physiological Interpretation 393

Lung 393

Lung Dispersion 393

Other TCM Organ Patterns for the Lung 393

Large Intestine 394

Other TCM Organ Patterns for the Large Intestine 394

Heating 395

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 395

Cooling 395

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 395

WOOD PHASE 397

Tonification 397

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 397

Key Features 397

General Aspects 397

Tonification Aspect 398

Dispersion Aspect 398

Spirit/Virtue: Hún/Perspective and Rén/Humanity 399

Official Duty 399

Psycho-Emotional 399

A or B Versions 400

Pulse 400

Physiological Interpretation 400

Liver 400

Gall Bladder 401

Dispersion 402

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 402

Key Features 402

General Aspects 402

Tonification Aspect 402

Dispersion Aspect 403

Spirit/Virtue: Hún/Perspective and Rén/Humanity 404

Pulse 404

Physiological Interpretation 404

Liver 404

Other TCM Organ Patterns for the Liver 405

Gall Bladder 405

Heating 406

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 406

Cooling 407

Psycho-Emotional Interpretation 407

PART V: ADVANCED FOUR NEEDLE TECHNIQUE 409

PRINCIPLES AND RULES FOR ADVANCED TECHNIQUE 409

ABBREVIATION OF THE STANDARD FORMULA 411

Explanation 411

Discussion 412

Further Suggestions 413

SUBSTITUTION FOR THE STANDARD FORMULA 419

Explanation 419

Discussion 419

Spleen Tonification #1 419

Spleen Tonification #2 419

Stomach Tonification #1 420

Stomach Tonification #2 421

Kidney Tonification 422

Bladder Dispersion 423

Heart Tonification 424

Small Intestine Tonification 425

Small Intestine Dispersion 425

Triple Heater Tonification 426

Lung Tonification 426

Lung Dispersion #1 427

Lung Dispersion #2 428

Liver Tonification 428

Liver Dispersion 429

Gall Bladder 429

Further Suggestions 430

INVERSIONS OF THE STANDARD FORMULA 431

Explanation 431

Discussion 432

Stomach Inversion 432

Spleen 433

Kidney Inversion 434

Heart 435

Lung Inversion 436

Further Suggestions 437

INVERTED MOTHER/SON RELATIONSHIP 439

Explanation 439

Discussion 440

Inverted Liver/Heart Dispersion 440

Further Suggestions 441

MULTIPLE TONIFICATION AND DISPERSION 442

Explanation 442

Discussion 442

Tonify through the Generation Cycle 442

Lung/Spleen Multiple Tonification 442

Disperse through the Generation or Control Cycle with Dispersion 443

Lung/Kidney 443

Heart/Spleen 444

Kidney/Triple Heater 445

Disperse through the Generation Cycle with Tonification 446

Heart/Liver 446

Large Intestine/Stomach 446

Multiple Inversions through the Generation Cycle 447

Kidney/Gall Bladder 447

Liver/Heart #1 448

Liver/Heart #2 448

Liver/Heart #3 449

Lung/Heart 449

Multiple Inversions through the Control Cycle 451

Heart/Kidney 451

Further Suggestions 452

COMBINATION OF METHODS 453

Explanation 453

Discussion 453

Kidney Abbreviated Substitution 453

Gall Bladder/Bladder Simultaneous Tonification 454

Heart/Lung Simultaneous Tonification 455

Liver Abbreviated Substitution 455

Lung/Kidney Abbreviation, Substitution, and Inversion 456

Gall Bladder/Liver Simultaneous Tonification and Dispersion 457

Heart/Spleen Abbreviation and Simultaneous Tonification 457

Stomach Abbreviated Inversion 458

Bladder Abbreviated Inversion 458

Lung Abbreviated Inversion 459

Stomach Inverted and Substituted Tonification and Dispersion 460

Lung Tonification/Dispersion, Abbreviation, and Substitution 461

Large Intestine/Lung Abbreviated Substituted Tonification/Dispersion 462

Further Suggestions 462

SUMMARY 463

Tonifications, Inversions, and Dispersions 463

Dual Meridian Relationships 468

Dispersion/Tonification 468

Double Tonification or Dispersion 471

APPENDIX 477

FIVE PHASE CORRESPONDENCE: COMPREHENSIVE CHARTS 477

Five Phase Chart for the Soil Phase 477

Five Phase Chart for the Water Phase 478

Five Phase Chart for the Fire Phase 479

Five Phase Chart for the Metal Phase 480

Five Phase Chart for the Wood Phase 481

PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL PATTERNS AND TCM FUNCTIONS 483

FOUR NEEDLE TECHNIQUE: SUMMARY 497

ESSENTIAL OILS AND THE INNER PHASES 499

FIVE PHASE MEDITATION 501

CHINESE PRONUNCIATION CHART 513

SYMPTOM INDEX 515

BIBLIOGRAPHY 525

CHINESE REFERENCES 525

ENGLISH REFERENCES 525

INDEX 527

ENDNOTES 529